BIRTH
TO 1 YEAR |
| Physical |
-
Learns to respond to smell, taste, sound,
touch and sight. Loves bright colors and distinct souds.
|
| Social/
Emotional |
-
Learns to recognize people around him, learns to adapt himself to his environment. Wants everybody to talk to him and attend to him all the while. Doesn't like to
be left alone.
|
| Intellectual |
-
Relates
people and objects to their names, learns to make sounds to voice out his wants.
|
| Suggested
toys and games |
-
Toys
that make sound like rattle and squeak.
-
Mobiles
and crib toys
-
Puppets
and stuffed toys.
-
Toys
dealing with pictures or picture books.
-
Small
cubes or boxes of different shapes and sizes.
-
Bigger
and lighter balls
-
Brightly
colored nesting and stacking toys
|
1 YEAR
TO 2 YEARS  |
| Physical |
-
There
is an active physical development. The child learns to walk and run.
-
Learns
to climb on small chairs, sofas etc.
|
| Social/Emotional |
-
Learns
to identify himself as a human being. · Likes being pampered. Develops sense of
love and understanding about near and dear ones. · Learns to distinguish
between known people and strangers.
|
| Intellectual |
-
Thinking
is developed
-
Manipulating
and problem-solving with objects is made possible
|
| Language |
-
Learns
to utter quite a few words.
-
A
normal child will start speaking up quite a number of words during this phase.
Even if the child cannot speak out the words, the grasp of words and retention
in memory is developed at this age.
|
| Suggested
toys and games |
-
Simple
puzzles and shape sorters
-
Ride-on
toys and push-pull toys
-
Dolls
and stuffed toys
-
Musical
toys and rhythm instruments
-
Tricycles
and small cars
-
Dolls
and doll furniture
|
| 2
YEARS TO 3 YEARS |
| Physical |
-
Learns
to balance as physical control and activities increase.
-
Moves
up and down stairs, with a firm holding.
-
Shows
more activeness by running and jumping around.
-
Try's
to push, pull, lift, unscrew and manipulate objects and toys around him or
within his reach.
-
Eye and
hand co-ordination skills develop.
|
| Social /
Emotional |
-
Sense
of self develops.
-
Emotional
and social skills like fear, love, attachment, separation develop.
-
Sometimes
likes to be independent and sometimes likes company.
-
Understands
and obeys one step commands.
|
| Intellectual |
-
Various
nerve connections in brain develop.
-
Mental
ability enhances.
-
Change
in fine motor skills like observation and retention.
-
Thinking
and memory skills develop.
-
Ability
to concentrate for a longer period develops.
|
| Language |
-
Try's
to remember different names of objects and things.
-
Can
retain words up to 300.
-
Speaks
phrases or sentences having two or three words, like "where is ball?"
-
Understands
more by observing
|
| Suggested
toys and games
|
-
Ride
-on toys like small tricycle, wagon or wooden horse
-
Small
and light air-filled balls, balloons etc.
-
Toys
producing different kinds of sounds.
-
Stuffed
and fancy toys, dolls and doll-accessories.
-
Toys
for water play.
-
Simple
form puzzles involving two-four pieces.
-
Colorful
picture books with lots of catchy figures and cartoons
-
Toys/Games
for shapes, sizes etc.
-
Toys/Games
for developing pre-number and reading skills.
|
| 3
YEARS TO 4 YEARS |
| Physical |
-
Has
gained full balance and control therefore shows much activity by jumping up and
down with confidence.
-
Fine
motor skills develop which helps recognition and understanding.
-
Can
identify self easily by naming and understanding functions of different parts
of body.
-
Try's
to do his things by himself like dressing up, playing, eating etc.
|
| Social /
Emotional |
-
Social
and emotional parts undergo change.
-
Develops
a sense of order and neatness.
-
Desires
to be independent but at the same time desires to interact and communicate with
other children of the same age.
|
| Intellectual |
-
Desire
to learn and know different things.
-
Try's
to read everything which comes in sight.
-
Sense
of exploration enhances.
-
Tries
to match identical objects.
-
Differentiates
between one and many objects and can count two digits
-
Memory
skills increase. Can remember things from the immediate past and the present.
-
Observation
and retention power increases.
|
| Language |
-
Speaking
skill enhances and can now speak phrases or sentences from four to six words,
like "What is your name?"
-
Expand
his awareness about opposites like his/her, yes/no, good/bad etc.
-
Understands
different parts of speech present (today), past (yesterday), future (tomorrow).
-
Can
retain up to 1000 words.
|
| Suggested
toys and games : |
-
Push-pull
and ride-on toys which involves lot of physical activities.
-
Toys
involving opening-closing, screwing and unscrewing.
-
Blocks
and cards involving activities like building tower, putting one over another.
-
Jigsaw,
Form puzzles up to 12 pieces.
-
Drawing
and coloring books.
-
Toys/Games
which involves finding out and matching identical objects, similarity in two
pictures or opposites.
-
Toys/games
involving logic, thinking and memory skills (Developing fine motor skills).
-
Toys/Games
involving recognition, sorting, classification and matching skills.
-
Flash-cards
of Alphabets, Numbers, Fruits, Transportation etc. Sequencing of events from 2
to 3
-
Toys/Games
for learning alphabets and numbers in fun way.
|
| 4
YEARS TO 5 YEARS |
| Physical |
-
Very
active and instantly responds to activities going around.
-
More
control and balance on movements produced.
-
Is now
comfortable and confident with up and down, jumping and running activities.
-
Desire
for change develops and can remain with one thing for a limited time period.
-
Sometimes
try's to imitates of adults (Likes role-play). Social / Emotional
-
Becomes
more aware of the world around him.
-
Sociability
increases and makes more friends. · Likes to stay and play in a group and
around other children.
-
Emotional
skills like attachment with parents, brothers, sisters and love increases.
-
Starts
an identifying different relation which exists in general neighborhood and
friends and in the like aunts, uncles and cousins. Intellectual
-
Understanding
and conceptualizing increases and different concepts start clearing.
-
Imagination
and creativity starts to wander and he/she involves himself/herself in various
activities.
-
Improves
on drawing and writing skills and produces better results by making almost
correct shapes and figures.
-
Narration
of stories of reality helps the child of this age to know what are facts or
fiction and what are fantasies.
-
Likes
to participate and involve themselves in general discussions in the house.
-
Concentration,
observation, imagination and learning skills develop tremendously.
-
Is a
curious like to know new things and is also very inquisitive. Language
-
Starts
asking questions about different aspects of life and becomes more inquisitive.
-
Likes
to read and that too loud, stressing on everything they have learnt new and pay
attention on their pronunciation.
-
Try's
to speak a grammatically correct speech.
-
Begins
to read and write alphabets and numbers Makes phrases or sentences up to 10
words and enjoys communicating.
-
Can
retain more than 1000 words
|
| Suggested
toys and games : |
-
Toys
involving jumping, running, catching and throwing activities.
-
Catch
or throw ball and football.
-
Toys/Games
involving music and entertainment.
-
Simple
board games.
-
Form,
Jigsaw and Activity puzzles up to 25 pieces.
-
Constructive
toys.
-
Toys
and games which develop vocabulary and awareness in child.
-
Toys
and games which impart basic skills of learning.
-
Toys
and games which enhances the children's exploration and searching skills.
-
Toys
dealing with drawing and coloring like pencil color, crayons and markers.
-
Story
books, pictorial and narrative books.
-
Games
enhancing sequential skills.
|
| 5
YEARS TO 6 YEARS |
| Physical |
-
Full
control and poise is gained.
-
Likes
more activity and play.
-
Physical
games and more outdoor activities are preferred and more enjoyed.
-
Co-ordination
and concentration skills develop.
-
Eye and
hand co-ordination skills develop more.
|
| Social /
Emotional |
-
Social
environment becomes strong as friendships develop and group activities
increase.
-
Emotional
skills develop in which understanding of different relationships grows.
-
A
personal possession of things increases.
-
Sharing
and communicating skills develop and need to be developed if not.
-
Enjoys
participating in social events and co-curricular activities like story telling,
poem recitation, dramas etc.
|
| Intellectual |
-
School
influences the child in understanding and following rules and regulations.
-
Knowledge
on different topics increases.
-
Develops
reading, writing and number skill.
-
Takes
more interest in reading, writing and speaking.
-
Wants
to explore, learn and know different subjects related to reality and life.
-
Listens
and pays attention to everything going around him.
-
Development
of multi-sensory skill
|
| Language |
-
Starts
speaking very fluently and with more confidence.
-
Can
retain more than 2000 words.
-
Is now
more aware of opposites, gender difference, speeches and grammar in language
-
Can now
speak long sentences without difficulty.
|
| Suggested
toys and games |
-
Toys
dealing with maximum eye-hand co-ordination.
-
Games
involving props for housekeeping, store-keeping or medical play.
-
Musical
and entertaining games like tapes, CDs, tape player.
-
Puppets
and pop-up toys.
-
Board
games.
-
Jigsaw,
form and activity puzzle up to 35 pieces.
-
Toys
and games that enhance fine motor skills.
-
Exciting
and enjoyable games and toys.
-
Educational,
knowledgeable and quiz related games and toys.
-
Story
books illustrative and narrative books
|
| 6
YEARS TO 7 YEARS |
| Physical |
-
Involves
in various group games and activities.
-
Likes
to involve in adventurous and challenging games.
-
Becomes
a little bit conscious of the opposite gender and strongly believes in his own
gender identity.
-
Enjoys
listening to music and understands rhythm.
-
Also
involves in entertaining and co-curricular activities.
-
Try's
to show off his physicality by entering into conflicts and fights physically
and not verbally.
-
Sometimes
try's to imitate the behavior and actions of his elders.
-
In this
period he needs more encouragement, understanding, love, caring and praise from
the elders.
|
| Social /
Emotional |
-
Should
be encouraged to communicate his feelings and thoughts.
-
Likes
to interact and exchange ideas.
-
Likes
to interact and exchange ideas.
-
Social
activities also show tremendous increase as goes to school and makes friends.
-
Wants
to play with other children and be in a group.
|
| Intellectual |
-
Tries
to do everything physically to understand the logic
-
Wants
to learn and know more.
-
Learns
and retains more facts and concepts.
-
Multi-Sensory
skills enhance.
-
Learning,
reading, writing, thinking skills enhance.
-
Retention
and memory power is sharper and can remember complex processes.
-
Learns
from observing and experiencing.
|
| Language |
-
Is more
speech conscious and tries to speak more fluently, with confidence and
grammatically correct language.
-
Understands
and answers correctly.
-
Can now
retain more than 3000 words.
-
Can now
speak any kind of sentence or phrase be it short and long.
|
| Suggested
toys and games |
-
Board
games.
-
Jigsaws,
form, activity and floor puzzle up to 100 pieces.
-
Dolls,
stuff toys, puppets and doll-accessories like dollhouse, doctor-play etc.
-
Constructive
toys.
-
Games
and toys involving Art, Crafts and S.U.P.W .
-
Educational
games dealing in general knowledge, quizzing, story telling etc.
-
Books
that enhance reading and understanding skills i.e., fine motor skills.
-
Games
which deal in developing vocabulary and language skills.
-
Games
and toys that build number and alphabets skills.
|